Xa ucinga ngetungsten (W), ungaqala ucinge ngefilamenti kwiglowubhu yesibane okanye “intsimbi yentsimbi” yokusika. Kodwa amandla ayo adlulela ngaphaya kwezi. Ukusuka kwiinjini ze-aerospace ukuya kwizixhobo zotyando, ukusuka kwi-5G chips ukuya kwisikrweqe{3}}kwimijikelo yokugqobhoza, le ntsimbi, iqhayisa ngeyona ndawo inyibilikayo, itshintsha ubomi bethu ngeendlela ezininzi.
I. Ukufunyanwa kweTungsten: Ukusuka "kwilitye elinzima" ukuya kwiNsimbi
Ngomnyaka we-1781, usokhemisti waseSweden uScheele wafumanisa i-tungstic acid kwiminerali ebizwa ngokuba yi "wolferenite" (igama lesiSwedish elithetha "ilitye elinzima"). Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, izazinzulu zaseSpeyin abazalwana baka-de Ruyard bakhetha isinyithi se-tungsten okokuqala baza bayithiya igama elithi "wolfram" (isalathiso sokuphophoma kwentsimbi xa kunyibilikiswa), ekwafumana isimboli sayo, "W."
I-China lelona lizwe livelisa intsimbi ekrwada ye-tungsten, ibambe ngaphezulu kwe-60% yoovimba behlabathi. IGanzhou, kwiPhondo laseJiangxi, yaziwa ngokuba yi "World Tungsten Capital," kwaye i-80% yeemveliso zetungsten zehlabathi ziqhagamshelwe kwikhonkco lokubonelela laseTshayina.
II. Iimpawu ezimangalisayo zeTungsten
I-Melting Point Champion: i-3410 idigri (iphindwe kabini leyo yentsimbi kunye nephindwe kathathu yobhedu)
Ukuxinana kweNkosi: 19.3 g/cm³ (ngokuhambelana negolide)
Intshatsheli yoBulukhuni: I-Sintered tungsten carbide, enobunzima obusondela kuleyo yedayimane
Ingcaphephe yokuNxhathisa iCorrosion: Nokuba i-aqua regia ayikwazi ukuyinyibilikisa
III. Usetyenziso lwangoku lweTungsten
Ukukhanyisa impucuko yoLuntu:
I-Tungsten filaments kwizibane ze-incandescent zenza ukuba ukuveliswa kuka-Edison kusebenze ngokwenene
Iichips ze-LED zanamhlanje zisasebenzisa i-tungsten electrode
Ishishini "Amazinyo":
Izixhobo zeTungsten Carbide: Ukusika izantya ngokuphindwe kayi-10 kuneyentsimbi ephezulu{1}}yesantya
IiBits Zokubhola i-oyile: Zisebenza kwi-8,000 yeemitha ngaphantsi komhlaba
Izixhobo ezingundoqo zoKhuselo lweSizwe:
Isikrweqe -Undoqo wokugqobhoza: Ungagqobhoza ipleyiti yentsimbi e-1{2}engqindilili yemitha
Imibhobho ye-Rocket Engine: Ukumelana namaqondo obushushu angama-3,000
Phezulu{0}}Inkxaso yobuGcisa:
Izixhobo zokukhawulelana neemotor zokungcangcazela kweefowuni eziphathwayo
Iithagethi zokutshiza kwimveliso yetshiphu
Izixhobo zonyango:
I-Tungsten Alloy Radiation Shielding
Amasuntswana e-Tungsten Carbide Drill kwi-Orthopedic Surgery
IV. Imiceli mngeni yeTungsten kunye nokuPhumelela
Ukusetyenzwa kwemingeni:
Iindlela zemveli zinzima ukusetyenzwa, ngoko ke ngoku kusetyenziswa itekhnoloji ye-powder metallurgy.
Ushicilelo lwe-3D lwamacandelo e-tungsten luvela njengesikhokelo esitsha.
Ukhuphiswano lwezixhobo:
I-China isebenzisa izabelo ze-tungsten zokuthumela ngaphandle.
IYurophu kunye ne-United States zichonga i-tungsten njengesixhobo esiphambili sobuchule.
Eyenye iR&D:
Iingxube ze-molybdenum zithatha indawo ye-tungsten kwezinye iindawo.
Izixhobo zegraphene zicela umngeni kwi-advanteji ye-tungsten yokuqhuba.
V. Imida Yekamva
Izixhobo ze-Nuclear Fusion: I-Tungsten Armor ijongene ne-100 yezigidi zeedigri zePlasma
IiKhompyutha zeQuantum: Izinto ezintsha ezifunyenweyo zeTungsten-IziMathiriyeli eziSekwe kwiSuperconducting
I-Space Mining: Ii-Asteroids ezityebileyo kwiZibonelelo zeTungsten.
Ukuqukumbela
Ukususela kwimicu ekhanyisa intaphane yamakhaya ukuya kwiziphekepheke ezihlola indalo iphela; ukusuka kumacandelo eefowuni eziphathwayo ezintsonkothileyo ukuya kwizixhobo zokhuselo ezikhusela uxolo, i-tungsten, eneempawu zayo "ezinzima", idlale indima engenakuthathelwa indawo kwinkqubela phambili yempucuko yabantu. Le ntsimbi, edla ngokubizwa ngokuba "yityuwa yemveliso," ibonisa ngokukodwa ukuba ezona zinto zinzima zihlala zibonelela - ngokukhanya okungapheliyo. Kwixesha elizayo xa uvula isibane sokukhanya, ungalibali ukubulela lo "mthwali wokukhanya" osebenze ngokuthula iminyaka eyi-140.
