Ukufumana iimveliso ze-tungsten ezivela phesheya kolwandle kunokuziva ngathi kuyangcakaza. Abathengi bakhangela amagama afana nelithi "umvelisi wetungsten," "umthengisi wetungsten waseTshayina," okanye "umzi-mveliso we-tungsten ococekileyo" kunye nomhlaba kwiinkampani ezininzi zokurhweba eziphinda zithengise izinto ezingaziwayo ngemvelaphi, zinganikezeli ngezatifikethi zokusila, kwaye zinyamalale emva kokuba ukuthunyelwa kokuqala kungahambi kakuhle. Kwiinjineli zokuthengwa kwempahla, amaqela e-R&D, kunye nabaphathi bokuthenga abafuna ikhemistri engaguqukiyo, ukunyamezelana okuqinileyo, kunye namaxesha okukhokelela anokuxelwa kwangaphambili, oku kungaqiniseki ngowona mqobo mkhulu ekubekeni iodolo. Esi sikhokelo sihamba kwiintsapho ezine zemveliso ye-tungsten engundoqo - i-Tungsten ePure, i-Tungsten Copper Alloy, i-Tungsten Heavy Alloy, kunye ne-Vacuum Metallizing materials - kwaye ichaza ukuba abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe kufuneka bajonge ntoni kumzimveliso{5}}iqabane elithe ngqo le-tungsten. I-Zhuzhou Kingdon Industrial & Commercial Co., Ltd. (ZZKD), eseZhuzhou, eHunan - Indawo yaseTshayina eyimbali engeyiyo{10}}yentsimbi yentsimbi - yenze yaza yathumela ngaphandle imathiriyeli ye-tungsten kunye ne-molybdenum ukusukela ngo-2004, ithumela ngenqanawa kubathengi ngaphaya kwe-USA, UK, Jamani, Indiya, Japan, Singapore, Germany, Germany

Kutheni iTungsten inguMsebenzi{0}}Isixhobo soBunjineli esiBalulekileyo

I-Tungsten ineyona ndawo iphezulu yokunyibilika kuyo nayiphi na intsimbi (i-3,422 degree) kunye noxinano lwe-19.25 g/cm³, phantse i-2.5 umphinda-phinde ngentsimbi. Idityaniswe ne-thermal conductivity egqwesileyo, uxinzelelo oluphantsi lomphunga kubushushu obuphezulu, kunye nokuchasana okunamandla kwi-acids kunye nesinyithi esityhidiweyo, ezi zakhiwo zenza i-tungsten ibaluleke kakhulu kumashishini apho ezinye iintsimbi zisilela ngokulula: ukuveliswa kwe-semiconductor kunye ne-electronics, i-aerospace, i-imaging yonyango, ukukhanya, ukulungiswa kweglasi, kunye nezixhobo ezinzima zemizi-mveliso. Kodwa iipropathi zezinto ezibonakalayo zisisiqingatha sebali kuphela. Eyona nto igqibayo ukuba icandelo le-tungsten liqhuba njani ebaleni yindlela umenzi ahlala elawula ngayo ukucoceka komgubo, ukuxinana kwe-sintering, ukwakhiwa kweenkozo, kunye nokunyamezelana komatshini wokugqibela - ibhetshi emva kwebhetshi. Ukungaguquguquki yinto kanye abathengi ekufuneka beyivavanye ngaphambi kokuba bacele ikowuti, kwaye ngumbuzo ophambili esi sikhokelo sakhiwe ngeenxa zonke: hayi "yintoni i-tungsten," kodwa "ngubani onokuthi ayenze ngokuthembekileyo kwiinkcukacha zam."

I-Tungsten ecocekileyo: Intonga, iBha, ucingo, iShiti kunye nezahlulo ezilungiselelwe oomatshini

I-tungsten esulungekileyo (ibakala le-W1 ngokwesiqhelo okanye i-WAL, ubuncinci bococeko ngama-99.95%) lunikezelwa njengentonga, ibha, ucingo, icwecwe, ipleyiti, iicrucibles, kunye nezinto ezenziwe ngoomatshini. Yimathiriyeli ekhethwayo kuqhagamshelwano lombane, ii-electrodes zewelding, izinto zokufudumeza, X{4}}ithagethi zeray, iithagethi zesputtering, kunye{5}}neendawo eziphezulu zobushushu bobushushu kuba igcina amandla kunye nokumila kozinzo kumaqondo obushushu apho uninzi lwesinyithi luthamba okanye luxutywe yioxidize.

Abathengi bamanqaku entlungu baphakamisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo malunga ne-tungsten ecocekileyo yokukhangela ububanzi kunye nokunyamezela ukunyamezela (ingakumbi kwi-tungsten yocingo oluhle ukuya phantsi-kwimithamitha ye-millimeter esetyenziselwa ukukhanyisa imicu kunye neenaliti zeprobe), ukuthe tye kwiintonga ezide ezisetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa kwe-electrode, kunye nokulandeleka kwe-tungsten powder feedstock. I-ZZKD ivelisa intonga ye-tungsten esulungekileyo, isivalo, ucingo kunye neshiti endlwini -esuka kumgubo wokucofa kunye ne-sintering ngokugudla, ukuzoba, kunye nokusila ngokuchanekileyo, okuthetha ukuba i-diameter, umphezulu ogqityiweyo ({3}}ubukhazimlisiwe, sicocwe ngekhemikhali, okanye{4}}enziwe nge-electro{4}}ikhazimlisiwe), kwaye ukuthi tye kunokulawulwa kwaye kubhalwe kwinqanaba ngalinye kunokuba kuthengwe njengeqela lesithathu{5} Oku kudityaniswa ngokuthe nkqo kukwavumela ukuba ibhetshi encinci -ihle iye kwiqhekeza eli-1 okanye ikhilogram enye - kumaqela obunjineli adinga iiprototypes phambi kokuba azibophelele ekuqhutyweni kwemveliso.

I-Tungsten Copper Alloy (WCu): I-Bancing Conductivity kunye nokuchasana nokushisa

I-alloy ye-tungsten yobhedu idibanisa ubushushu be-tungsten kunye nokumelana ne-arc kunye nobhedu oluphezulu lombane kunye ne-thermal conductivity. Iingoma eziqhelekileyo zivela kwi-W70Cu30 ukuya kwi-W90Cu10, kwaye i-alloy iveliswa ngokungena kwi-sintered tungsten skeleton enobhedu olutyhidiweyo, inika i-dense, i-uniform composite kunomxube olula womatshini. Esi sixhobo sicaciswe kwi-EDM (i-electrical discharge machining) i-electrodes, i-electrical welding electrode, high{6}}i-voltage circuit breaker kunye nokutshintsha abafowunelwa, i-spark plug electrode, kunye ne-spark plug electrode, kunye ne-heat sinks okanye izisasazelo zobushushu kumbane we-elektroniki apho i-coefficient yokwandisa i-thermal ephantsi kufuphi naleyo ye-silicon okanye i-ceramics ifuneka.

Abathengi abavavanya abathengisi bobhedu be-tungsten bahlala bebuza malunga nokulingana koxinaniso (i-porosity ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuhanjiswa kunye nokumelana nokhukuliseko lwe-arc), ukunyamezela umxholo wobhedu, kunye nobuchule kwiijiyometri ze-electrode ngaphandle kokutshiphuzwa. I-ZZKD ivelisa ibha yobhedu ye-tungsten, intonga, ipleyiti, kunye nezikhewu ze-electrode yesiko kunye nemilinganiselo yokwakheka eyenzelwe isicelo - isiqulatho esiphezulu se-tungsten ye-arc{2}}ukumelana nokhukuliseko kwi-switchgear, umxholo ophezulu wobhedu apho ukuhanjiswa ngundoqo - kwaye ibonelela ngezatifikethi eziphathekayo eziqinisekisa ukuxinana kunye nokwakhiwa kweqela ngalinye, eliya kugqiba ukuba isebe ngalinye liza kuthenga ukuthunyelwa.

I-Tungsten Heavy Alloy (WNiFe / WNiCu): Uxinaniso oluPhezulu apho lubalulekile

I-Tungsten enzima yealloyi - i-tungsten idityaniswe ne-nickel-intsimbi (WNiFe) okanye i-nickel{2}}i-copper (WNiCu) izibophelelo - ifikelela kuxinano lwe-17.0 ukuya kwi-18.75 g/cm³ ngelixa ishiyeke kakhulu inokucuthwa kunye ne-ductile kune-tungsten esulungekileyo. Oku kufikeleleka kubathengi bemathiriyeli nanini na xa icandelo lifuna ubunzima obukhulu kumthamo ophantsi: iintsimbi zokulinganisa kunye nezinto ezichaseneyo zolawulo lwenqwelomoya kunye nezixhobo ezichanekileyo, ubunzima bokudambisa i-vibration, ukukhuselwa ngemitha yezixhobo zonyango kunye nemveliso yemifanekiso, izixhobo zokugrumba i-oyile kunye negesi, kunye neempahla zemidlalo ezinjengemibhobho yedart kunye neklabhu yegalufa.

Abacacisi bamazwe ngamazwe basoloko bebhekisa kwiiklasi ze-ASTM B777 zengxubevange (uDidi loku-1 ukuya ku-4) xa ucela iikowuti, kwaye inkxalabo ehlala ihleli yeyokuba ingaba umniki-nkonzo unokuvavanya ngokwenene na kwaye abhale phantsi ingxinano, ukomelela, kunye nobulukhuni ngokuchasene nalo mgangatho endaweni yokubanga nje ukuthotyelwa. I-ZZKD ivelisa i-tungsten intonga ye-alloy enzima, ibha, ipleyiti, kunye neendawo ezigqityiweyo zoomatshini kuwo wonke uxinano oluqhelekileyo kunye noluhlu lweklasi, kunye novavanyo loxinaniso kunye neengxelo zokuhlola ezikhutshiweyo ngebhetshi nganye, kwaye inikezela ngomatshini we-CNC ukugqiba{4}}ukunyamezelwa kwenxalenye ukuze abathengi bakwazi uku-odola inxalenye esebenzayo endaweni yesitokhwe ekrwada kufuneka basifake kwikontraka encinci.

Vacuum Metallizing Materials: Tungsten Filament & Evaporation Boats

Ivacuum metallizing (i-thermal evaporation coating) isetyenziselwa ukufaka ifilimu yesinyithi ecekethekileyo kwiiplastiki, amaphepha, amalaphu, kunye neglasi yeemveliso ezisusela kwipakethe yokuhombisa kunye nezipili ukuya kwitrim yemoto kunye nezinto ezibonwayo. Izinto zokufudumeza ezenziwa ngumphunga kwintsimbi egqumayo - kaninzi-iintsinga ze-tungsten zestrand kunye nephenyane{3}}ezimilise i-tungsten evaporators - kufuneka zigcine ukumila kwaye zixhathise ubushushu kumawaka emijikelo yokufudumeza kumaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwe-1,000 degree.

Abaqhubi bomgca wokugquma badla ngokukhathalela kakhulu ubomi bomcu (bangaphi na imijikelo phambi kokwaphuka), ukuxhathisa okungaguquguqukiyo/ukuzoba ngoku kwibhetshi (ngoko ke izinga lokuphuma komphunga lihlala lifana macala onke kwigumbi lokugquma), kwaye ukukhawuleza, ukugcinwa okuthembekileyo kwakhona ukususela ekubeni umgca osezantsi wokutshintshwa kwemicu yilahleko ethe ngqo yemveliso. I-ZZKD ibonelela ngeefilaments zebhaskithi ye-tungsten kwi-1 ukuya kwi-10 strand configuration, ikhemikhali ecociweyo okanye i-electro -egudisiweyo, ilinganiswe ngokwemigangatho yegumbi lomthengi, kunye ne-tungsten kunye ne-molybdenum evaporation izikhephe - inika abaqhubi bezogquma umboneleli omnye kuzo zombini iindidi ezisetyenziswayo endaweni yokujija abathengisi ababini.

Amanqaku eentlungu zokwenyani zokufumana iTungsten phesheya kweelwandle (kunye nendlela yokuzisombulula)

Thetha nabathengi abaneleyo bamazwe aphesheya kweemveliso ze-tungsten kunye neenkxalabo ezifanayo ngalo lonke ixesha:

Ukuhambelana komgangatho kunye namaxwebhu. Ngaba lo ngumzi mveliso okanye inkampani yorhwebo ethengisa kwakhona isitokhwe esingangqinisiswanga? Buza ngokuthe ngqo ukuba umthengisi uyacinezela, ii-sinters, kunye noomatshini-endlwini, kwaye ucele iingxelo zovavanyo lokusila ezibonisa iikhemikhali kunye neempawu zoomatshini zebhetshi yokwenyani ethunyelwayo - ingeyiyo idataekhi yegeneric.

MOQ kunye nokuguquguquka kweprototyping. Abavelisi abaninzi bafuna ii-odolo ezinkulu ezincinci ezenza ukuba kungenzeki ukuqinisekisa inxalenye entsha ngaphambi kokwenza uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali. Umthengisi onikezela ngeesampulu kunye nee-MOQ eziphantsi njenge-1 piece okanye i-1 kilogram isusa loo mqobo wokuvavanya ubunjineli.

Ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso kunye nenkxaso yobunjineli. Ngaphandle-kwi{2}}imilinganiselo yeshelufu ayifane ihambelane nesicelo sokwenyani. Abathengi bafuna iqela lobugcisa elinokucebisa ibakala elifanelekileyo, umlinganiselo we-alloy, okanye iklasi yoxinaniso kwindawo ethile yokusebenza, kungekhona nje ukucwangcisa umyalelo wokuthenga.

Unxibelelwano, ixesha lokukhokela kunye nokubonakala kwezinto elubala. Ixesha-izithuba zezowuni kunye nezithintelo zolwimi ngokwesiqhelo zolula "ixesha leentsuku ezili-15" kwiinyanga ezimbini zokulibaziseka okungachazwanga. Unxibelelwano olucacileyo, oluphendulayo kunye nopakisho oluqhelekileyo lokuthumela ngaphandle (ibhokisi yebhokisi kunye neplywood case) ekwaziyo ukusinda kwizinto ezithuthwa elwandle kangangoko kumanzi.

Emva{0}uxanduva lokuphendula. Xa uthutho lwempahla lufika nomba womgangatho okanye umgangatho, abathengi bafuna umboneleli osombululayo kunokuba anyamalale xa intlawulo isusiwe.

I-ZZKD yakhe inkqubo yayo yokuthumela ngaphandle - eqala nge-invoyisi yeproforma, isiqinisekiso sesampulu, imveliso, kunye namaxwebhu okuthumela ngenqanawe - ngokuvala ezi zikhewu zikhethekileyo kubathengi kuMntla Melika, eYurophu, naseAsia.

Imizi-mveliso esiyikhonzayo

Iimveliso ze-tungsten ze-ZZKD zixhasa i-semiconductor kunye nokuveliswa kwe-electronics (iithagethi ze-sputtering, i-electrodes, izinto zokufudumeza), i-aerospace kunye nokukhusela (imilinganiselo yokulinganisela, izakhiwo kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela), izixhobo zonyango (i-radiation shielding, i-imaging components), i-automotive and industrial tooling (EDM electrodes, i-electrodes ye-welding), kunye neglasi, i-vacuries coating kunye ne-finguration. amacandelo eziko).

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo evela kubathengi bamazwe ngamazwe

"Uthini umahluko phakathi kwe-tungsten ecocekileyo kunye ne-tungsten enzima ye-alloy?" I-tungsten esulungekileyo yinto enye{0}}yesixhobo esixatyiswe ngokugqithisileyo kwindawo yayo yokunyibilika kunye neempawu zombane, kodwa iyantlukwano kwaye kunzima ukuyitshintsha ibe ziimo ezintsonkothileyo. I-Tungsten enzima yealloyi yongeza i-nickel{2}esekelwe kwi-binder ukuze inxalenye ihlale ixinene ngelixa isiba lula kakhulu ematshinini, iyenze ibe lukhetho olusebenzayo nanini na xa kugqityiwe, ukuchaneka{3}}ilungu elingumatshini liyafuneka kunentonga ekrwada okanye ucingo.

"Kutheni i-tungsten i-alloy yobhedu ibaluleke kakhulu?" Ubhedu-ukuya{1}}kumlinganiselo we-tungsten lurhwebo oluthe ngqo{2}}lucima phakathi kombane/i-thermal conductivity (ithandwa lubhedu oluninzi) kunye ne-arc{3}}ukumelana nokukhukuliseka kunye nobulukhuni (ithandwa yi-tungsten eninzi). Abathengi kufuneka bachaze umlinganiselo osekelwe kwimowudi yokusilela okukhulu kwisicelo sabo - ilahleko yokuqhuba xa ithelekiswa nokunxiba kwe-electrode - kunokusilela kwibakala "eliqhelekileyo" elinye.

"Ngaba i-tungsten inzima ukwenza umatshini, kwaye ngaba oko kuchaphazela ixesha lokukhokela?" I-tungsten esulungekileyo kunye ne-alloy yobhedu ye-tungsten iqinile kwaye iyarhawuka, ifuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye nesantya sokutya esicothayo kunesinyithi esiqhelekileyo, yiyo loo nto apha-indlu ye-CNC kunye namandla okusila - endaweni yokukhupha oomatshini kwivenkile yesithathu - inciphisa ixesha lokukhokela kwaye ikhusela ulawulo lokunyamezela. Oomatshini be-Tungsten be-alloy enzima ngakumbi njengentsimbi yesixhobo kwaye ithe ngqo ngokuthelekisayo.

"Zeziphi iziqinisekiso ekufuneka umthengisi we-tungsten abonelele?" Ubuncinci, abathengi kufuneka balindele ingxelo yovavanyo lwemathiriyeli egubungela ukwakheka kweekhemikhali kunye noxinaniso kwibhetshi nganye. Kwiindawo ezinzima ze-alloy ezibhekisela kwi-ASTM B777, cela iklasi ethile kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwamandla okuqina kunye novavanyo lokwandisa. Abathengi abanezixokelelwano zomgangatho osesikweni kufuneka nabo baqinisekise ubume bomenzi be-ISO 9001.

"Ngaba ndingayifumana isampuli ngaphambi kokubeka umyalelo wemveliso?" Abavelisi abahloniphekileyo, kuquka i-ZZKD, babonelela ngokubanzi ngeesampulu zasimahla okanye eziphantsi{0}}zexabiso eliphantsi loqinisekiso lwemathiriyeli ngaphambi kokuzibophelela ekuqhutyweni kwemveliso epheleleyo - oku kukuziqhelisa okusemgangathweni kubathengi abaqinisekisa umboneleli omtsha okanye inxalenye entsha.

"Leliphi ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokukhokelela kwiindawo ze-tungsten zesiko?" Intonga eqhelekileyo, ibha, kunye nesitokhwe socingo zinokuthunyelwa ngenqanawa phakathi kweentsuku ukuya kwiiveki ezimbini, ngelixa iinxalenye zoomatshini okanye ingxubevange emitsha ifuna i-15-25 yeentsuku zokusebenza ngokuxhomekeke kubunzima kunye nomthamo weodolo; abathengi kufuneka bahlale beqinisekisa umthamo wangoku ngexesha lekowuteshini kunokuxhomekeka kuqikelelo lwewebhusayithi eqhelekileyo.

Ukuqukumbela

Ukukhetha umthengisi we-tungsten ekugqibeleni ukhetho malunga nomngcipheko: umngcipheko wekhemistri engahambelaniyo, ukunyamezela okuphosiweyo, kunye nokuhanjiswa okungathembekiyo ngokubhekiselele kwisiqinisekiso somenzi olawula inkqubo yakhe ukusuka kwipowder ukuya kwinxalenye egqityiweyo. Ngamashumi amabini eminyaka yamava emveliso, kwi{1}}sakhono sendlu kuyo yonke iTungsten ePure, iTungsten Copper Alloy, iTungsten Heavy Alloy, kunye neVacuum Metallizing imathiriyeli, kunye nerekhodi yokuthumela ngaphandle ethatha amazwe angaphezu kweshumi elinesibini, i-ZZKD ibekwe ukuba ibe liqabane{2}}lokwenza ixesha elide. Qhagamshelana neqela lethu lobunjineli ngomzobo wakho okanye iinkcukacha zesicelo kwingcebiso yobugcisa, isampuli yasimahla, kunye nekowuteshini esemthethweni.