1. IiPropati eziPhambili zoMzimba kunye nezeMichiza zeTungsten enyulu kunye neSicelo seSicelo seShishini
Kwimizi-mveliso yanamhlanje, izixhobo ezisulungekileyo ze-tungsten ziye zaba yinto ekhethwayo kumashishini amaninzi ngenxa yeempawu zabo ezikhethekileyo zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali. Njengomvelisi we-alloy ye-tungsten yobuchwephesha, siyaliqonda ixabiso leqhinga le-tungsten ecocekileyo kwizicelo zamashishini.
I-tungsten esulungekileyo yohlulwe ngeyona ndawo iphezulu yokunyibilika kushishino (3,422℃) kunye noxinaniso oluphezulu phakathi kwesiseko sesinyithi (19.3 g/cm³), iyenza imathiriyeli eyimfuneko{3}}kumashishini achanekileyo aquka ukwenziwa kombane, iisemiconductors, photovoltaics, kunye nezixhobo zonyango. Uphawu olugqithisileyo lokunyibilika lwenza i-tungsten ecocekileyo igcine uzinzo kwimo engqongileyo yobushushu obugqithisileyo, ngelixa ukuxinana kwayo okuphezulu kubonelela ngokhuseleko oluthembekileyo kunye nokusebenza kokulinganisa.
Ukusuka kumbono wokuzinza kweekhemikhali, i-tungsten ecocekileyo ibonisa ukuxhathisa okuphezulu kwe-corrosion kwigumbi kunye namaqondo okushisa aphakathi, ukuxhathisa ukusabela kunye ne-acid ye-industrial, iziseko kunye nezinye izisombululo ezinobungozi. Le propati yenza i-tungsten esulungekileyo ibe lolona khetho lufanelekileyo lwe-vacuum metallurgy, amaziko okukhula kwekristale, kunye{1}}nezixhobo zobushushu obuphezulu. Ukongeza, i-tungsten esulungekileyo ibonisa ukuhanjiswa kombane okunamandla kunye nokuhanjiswa kwe-thermal, ihlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo zolawulo lwe-thermal yezixhobo zombane.
Kubavelisi be-B2B, ukukhetha{1}umgangatho ophezulu we-tungsten esulungekileyo kunefuthe ngokuthe ngqo ukuthembeka kunye nokhuphiswano lwentengiso lweemveliso zokugqibela. Iimveliso zethu ze-tungsten ezisulungekileyo zihambelana nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe (ASTM B760, ISO 4402), ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke ibhetshi ihlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo zobuchwepheshe zabathengi.
2.
Ukukhula okukhawulezayo kweshishini lehlabathi lokuvelisa i-elektroniki kuqhuba ngokuthe ngqo ukwanda kwemfuno yezinto ezicocekileyo ze-tungsten. Ngokukodwa kwimveliso ye-semiconductor, ukupakishwa kwe-LED, ukuveliswa kwe-flat display, kunye namacandelo amatsha ebhetri yamandla, izicelo ze-tungsten zanda ngokukhawuleza.
Kwimveliso yesemiconductor, itungsten esulungekileyo isebenza njengomaleko woqhagamshelo kunye nemathiriyeli yesango kwiitshiphusi, kunye nokumelana kwayo okuphantsi kuqinisekisa{0}}ukuhanjiswa kophawu olusebenzayo. Ishishini le-LED lisebenzisa indawo yokunyibilika ye-tungsten esulungekileyo kunye neempawu ze-thermal conductivity ze-LED chip substrates kunye nezakhiwo zokulahla ubushushu. Ngokusasazwa kweziseko zonxibelelwano ze-5G, -ukuphindaphinda kunye{5}}nezixhobo zombane eziphezulu zombane zifumana ukukhula okubonakalayo kwimfuno ye-tungsten esulungekileyo.
Icandelo le-vacuum metallurgy likwabonisa ngokuqhubekayo imfuno ye-tungsten. Kwi-vacuum coating, vacuum sintering, kunye neenkqubo ezifanayo, ii-tungsten crucibles ezisulungekileyo, izikhephe, kunye nezinto ezilungiswayo kufuneka zisebenze ngokuzinzileyo{1}}kwimo engqongileyo yobushushu obuphezulu, echaphazela ngqo imveliso kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso. Oku kwenza ukuthengwa{3}}kwemathiriyeli yetungsten esulungekileyo ekumgangatho ophezulu ibe yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kukhuphiswano lweshishini.
Izixhobo zokucinga zonyango (ezifana ne-CT tube anode) kunye namacandelo e-aerospace nawo afumana ukukhula okukhawulezayo kwizicelo ze-tungsten. Ezi zicelo zifuna imigangatho ephezulu yokuthembeka, njengoko naziphi na iziphene eziphathekayo zinokukhokelela kwilahleko enkulu yezoqoqosho.
3. Ukuthelekiswa kokuSebenza: I-Tungsten ecocekileyo Vs. Izinto ezizezinye kunye noHlahlelo lweendleko
Kwizigqibo zokuthengwa kwempahla, amasebe okuthenga kumashishini ahlala kufuneka alinganise i-tungsten emsulwa ngokuchasene nezixhobo ezizezinye ezifana ne-molybdenum, tantalum, kunye ne-nickel. Oku kulandelayo kunika uthelekiso oluneenkcukacha:
- 【Indawo yokunyibilika kunye noZinzo oluPhezulu{0}}Uzinzo loBubushushu】 Indawo yokunyibilika yetungsten enyulu ye 3,422℃idlula kude imolybdenum (2,617℃) kunye nenickel (1,455 degree). Kwizicelo ezifuna ukuzinza kobushushu obuphezulu{8}, iTungsten esulungekileyo lolona khetho lufanelekileyo. Nangona ixabiso liphezulu,{10}}indleko zokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide zihlala zisezantsi ngenxa yobude bemveliso eyandisiweyo kunye nezinga lokusilela.
- 【Ukuxinana kunye nokuSebenza okuKhuselayo】 Ngoxinano lwe-19.3 g/cm³, itungsten esulungekileyo iphakathi kwezona ntsimbi zixinanana kakhulu. Kwi-X-reyi kunye ne-gamma{3}}usetyenziso lokhuselo lwereyi, i-tungsten esulungekileyo ifezekisa iziphumo ezilinganayo zokhuselo ezinobungakanani obuncinci kunye nobunzima, ibonelela ngoncedo olucacileyo esithubeni{4}}usetyenziso olunyanzelweyo olufana nezixhobo zonyango kunye nezixhobo ze-aerospace.
- 【Iindleko-Uhlalutyo lokuSebenza】 Ngelixa iindleko zeyunithi ye-tungsten esulungekileyo ziphezulu, xa kuqwalaselwa iindleko ezipheleleyo zomjikelo wobomi (kubandakanywa namazinga okusilela, iindleko zokugcinwa, kunye nelahleko yexesha eliphantsi), i-tungsten ecocekileyo ihlala ingqina ukonga kakhulu. Ngokukodwa kumashishini apho ukuthembeka ku-paramoun
