I-Tungsten yintsimbi esiliva-emhlophe enokuqina okuphezulu kunye nendawo yokunyibilika ephezulu. Kwiqondo lobushushu elikwigumbi elikwigumbi, alidleki ngumoya, nto leyo eyenza ukuba izinze ngokwentelekiso ngokwemichiza. I-Tungsten inoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo zemizi-mveliso, eziquka imicu yokuvelisa, -intsimbi yokusika i-alloy ekhawulezayo, kunye ne-ultra-molds eqinile, kunye nezixhobo zamehlo nezekhemikhali. Ngokucacileyo, iChina ibambe owona vimba mkhulu we-tungsten kwihlabathi.
Iintsimbi ezingezizo-zentsimbi
I-Tungsten yololuhlu lwe{0}zesinyithi ezingezizo intsimbi. Ngokungafaniyo neentsimbi zentsimbi (ezifana ne-iron, manganese, chromium, kunye nealloys zazo), iintsimbi ezingezizo-zomelele kwaye ziqine, kwaye zinoxhathiso olukhulu lombane. Ezi zakhiwo zenza i-tungsten ibaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni izixhobo zokusika kunye nemigodi.
Iintsimbi eziRefractory
I-Tungsten yenye yeentsimbi eziphikisayo ezinendawo ephezulu yokunyibilika. Iimethali eziRefractory ziphawulwa kwindawo ephezulu yokunyibilika, ukomelela okuphezulu okuphezulu-kweqondo lobushushu, kunye nokuxhathisa okugqwesileyo kokuhlwa kwisinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo sealkali kunye nomphunga. Nangona i-tungsten inzima ukuyiseka kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi, iipropati zayo ezibalaseleyo{3}}zobushushu ziyenza isetyenziswe kakhulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, eziquka isinyithi, imichiza, kunye nombane.
Iintsimbi ezinqabileyo
Nangona i-tungsten isasazwa ngokubanzi kwindalo, ukugxila kwayo kuphantsi. Ngoko ke, ukukhupha i-tungsten kufuna iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo, ezifana ne-organic solvent extraction kunye ne-ion exchange. Ngokuqhubela phambili kwesayensi kunye neteknoloji kunye neenkqubo ze-metallurgical, ukucoceka kunye neempawu ze-tungsten ziye zaphuculwa ngokuqhubekayo, zandisa ngakumbi uluhlu lwesicelo. Ilizwe lam linobutyebi obuninzi be-tungsten ore, kwaye zombini imveliso kunye nemithamo yokuthumela ngaphandle ibekwe phakathi kwezona ziphezulu kwihlabathi.
I-Strategic Metal
Ngenxa yokubaluleka kwayo kwicandelo lezoshishino kunye nezibonelelo zayo ezinqabileyo, i-tungsten ithathwa njengentsimbi yeqhinga. Uluhlu lwayo olubanzi lwezicelo ezibalulekileyo lunokubaluleka okubalulekileyo kuphuhliso kunye nokhuseleko loshishino lwesizwe.
I-Tungsten, isinyithi esicwangcisiweyo, idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwimathiriyeli yangoku yeteknoloji ephezulu-entsha. Iimpawu zayo ezikhethekileyo zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali zenza ukuba ibe yinto ephambili kwizinto zombane kunye ne-optical, i-alloys ezikhethekileyo, izinto ezintsha zokusebenza, kunye ne-organometallic compounds. Nangona inani le-tungsten elisetyenzisiweyo lincinci, yonke into ibala. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkalo ezifana neteknoloji yonxibelelwano, iikhomputha, kunye nophuhliso lwe-aerospace, kwaye ibalulekile kuphuhliso kunye nokhuseleko loshishino lwesizwe.
I-Tungsten yintsimbi enqabileyo, ephezulu{0}}enyibilikayo{1}}esiliva{2}}imbonakalo emhlophe efana nentsimbi. Inendawo yokunyibilika ephezulu, uxinzelelo lomphunga oluphantsi, kunye nesantya esicothayo sokuphuma komphunga. Kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi, i-tungsten izinzile ngokwekhemikhali kwaye ayisebenzi ngomoya kunye namanzi. Nangona kunjalo, kumaqondo okushisa phakathi kwe-80 kunye ne-100 degree, i-acids ethile efana ne-hydrochloric acid, i-sulfuric acid, kunye ne-nitric acid (ngaphandle kwe-hydrofluoric acid) iya kuba nefuthe elibuthathaka kwi-tungsten. Ngokukodwa okuqaphelekayo kukuba phambi kwe-agent e-oxidizing, ukusabela phakathi kwe-tungsten kunye ne-alkali kunamandla, okwenza i-tungstates.
Ngaphezu koko, kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, i-tungsten iphendula ngezinto ezahlukeneyo, njengeoksijini, i-fluorine, kunye neklorini, kodwa hayi nge-hydrogen. Ezi ntshukumo zahlukeneyo zeekhemikhali kunye neepropathi ezibonakalayo ezizodwa zikhokelele ekusetyenzisweni kwayo ngokubanzi kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo.
