I-Tungsten yinto yeparamagnetic, hayi i-ferromagnetic. Imagnethi yayo iveliswa ngokuyintloko zii-elektroni ezijikelezileyo kwiigobolondo ze-elektroni ezingazaliswanga, kodwa ukusebenzisana phakathi kwamaxesha kazibuthe kubuthathaka, kuthintela ukubunjwa kwe-macroscopic magnetization.
Xa sijonga umhlaba wemagnethi wezinto, sihlala sidibana neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zemathiriyeli kazibuthe, ezinje ngeparamagnetism kunye neferromagnetism. Ke, luhlobo luni lwemagnethi i-tungsten yentsimbi yeyalo?
Okokuqala, kufuneka sicacise iingcamango ezisisiseko zeparamagnetism kunye ne-ferromagnetism. Izixhobo zeParamagnetic zizixhobo apho, phantsi kommandla womhlaba osetyenziswayo, amaxesha kazibuthe e-athomu okanye iimolekyuli ezingaphakathi kwesixhobo zilungelelanisa kancinane kwicala lentsimi, okukhokelela kwimagnethi ebuthathaka. Iimathiriyeli zeFerromagnetic, kwelinye icala, zinozibuthe owomeleleyo kwaye zizenzele ngokwazo ukwenza i-macroscopic magnetization xa kungekho mhlaba usetyenziswayo. I-magnetization ibonisa ubudlelwane obungenasiphelo phakathi kwamandla ombane kunye namandla entsimi.
Kwi-metallic element tungsten, iipropathi zayo zemagneti ziyi-paramagnetic. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukulungelelaniswa kwe-electron yee-athom ze-tungsten kuphumela kwinani elithile lamaqokobhe ee-electron angazaliswanga, kwaye izijikelezi-langa zee-electron ezikula maqokobhe angazaliswanga zinokuvelisa imizuzwana yemagnethi. Nangona kunjalo, ngokungafaniyo nezixhobo ze-ferromagnetic, ixesha lemagnethi ye-athomu ye-tungsten isebenzisana ngokubuthathaka, ayikwazi ukwenza ulwakhiwo oluzinzileyo lwesizinda semagnethi kwaye, ngenxa yoko, iswele i-macroscopic umazibuthe. Phantsi kweempembelelo zemagnethi yangaphandle, ixesha lozibuthe le-tungsten lilungelelanisa kancinane kwicala lentsimi, okukhokelela kwisiphumo esibuthathaka separamagnetic.
Ukufumana ukuqonda okunzulu kweepropathi zeparamagnetic ze-tungsten, sinokujonga le miba ilandelayo:
1. ULungiselelo lwe-Electron kunye ne-Magnetic Moment Generation
Njengentsimbi yenguqu, i-tungsten inolungiselelo oluntsonkothileyo lwe-electron. Kumaqokobhe ee-electron azaliswe ngokuyinxenye, ii-elektroni ezijikeleziswayo zivelisa amaxesha emagnethi. La maxesha aphazamisekile ngenxa yokungabikho kwemagnethi yangaphandle, kodwa xa imagnethi isetyenzisiwe, ilungelelaniswa kancinane ngamandla kazibuthe.
2. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kweMagnetic Moments
Nangona iiathom ze-tungsten zinexesha lamagnetic, unxibelelwano phakathi kwamaxesha azo lubuthathaka. Oku kuthelekiseka kabukhali kunye nolwakhiwo lwedomeyini yemagnethi esebenzisana ngamandla kwizinto zeferromagnetic. Kwimathiriyeli ye-ferromagnetic, ukunxibelelana phakathi kwemimandla enemagnethi ekufutshane kunokukhokelela kwimagnetism ebalulekileyo kwizinto eziphathekayo. Nangona kunjalo, i-tungsten ayikwazi ukwenza isakhiwo esifanayo se-magnetic domain ngenxa yentsebenziswano ebuthathaka phakathi kwexesha layo lamagnetic.
3. Ukuziphatha kweMagnetic yeMacroscopic
Ngenxa yokuba unxibelelwano phakathi kwemizuzu yemagnethi ye-tungsten ibuthathaka kwaye ayikwazi ukwenza imagneti ye-macroscopic, ibonisa kuphela impembelelo yeparamagnetic ebuthathaka phantsi komhlaba osetyenziswayo. Esi siphumo asibalulekanga xa sithelekiswa nemagnethi eyomeleleyo eboniswa yimathiriyeli ye-ferromagnetic.
